QUESTIONS FOR AN EXAM Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

QUESTIONS FOR AN EXAM - Assignment Example The less dangerous amongst all these kinds of mutations is duplication of gene as it does not impact the actual genetic sequence. Amongst various point mutations, the least disastrous in my consideration is silent mutation as it causes a change in DNA sequence but this change does not impact on the type of protein that is to be produced. Carbon dioxide is formed as a by-product during Krebs cycle when 6-Carbon molecule renders electrons to NAD+ and converts it into NADH. This Carbon dioxide is then carried via blood to the lungs from where it is exhaled. On the other hand, oxygen is inhaled during respiration as it is consumed during the electron chain as it binds with the free H+ ions to form water. The alternative way of respiration is anaerobic respiration. The anaerobic respiration is not a viable option for organisms to respire as it restricts the generation of FAD+ and NAD+ and may result in halting the whole process of respiration. However, for a limited time the pyruvate may accept electrons from NADH and thus form lactic acid but respiration can’t be continued for a long time in organisms (Starr

English writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

English writing - Essay Example Based on the poor treatment that Catherine receives from her husband, she opts to use her beauty and wits to her advantage and also finds lovers for herself. Her plot is that of seizing power once the ruler of the time, Empress Elizabeth dies and Catherine forms secret alliances in preparation for this. At first opportunity, Catherine succeeds in taking the crown and she takes charge of the kingdom as he rules instead of her husband. Her quest is that of conquering more territories as a way of expanding the Russian kingdom, which was one of the visions that Empress Elizabeth had sought to achieve. Catherine faces the challenges of war and conspiracies that seek to undermine her role, but she manoeuvres by using all the power she has in order for her rule and control to survive. All this comes at a cost as she has to contend with being unhappy, which is the cost of being at the helm of a significant kingdom. Her past is overshadowed as she started as a pawn and rises to become the wife of the Duke and the Empress of the Russian kingdom making her to be more powerful. Her kingdom becomes modernized through her efforts and wits in which it grows to be an expansive and civilized one (Moss 267). In the end, the film title explains how Czar ended up becoming Catherine the Great as portrayed in the

History of Lichtenstein Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

History of Lichtenstein - Research Paper Example The second fact is that the largest city within the country is known as Schaan located in the north of the capital city. It covers an area of 10.3 square miles and it is located in an area covered by mountains and forest. Its population is estimated to be 5, 806. The third fact is that the country covers an estimated area of about sixty two square miles, and is the sixth smallest independent country in the world. The total population of the country,   according to the census of 2010 is 36,010. The fourth fact is that the ethnic group of the constituting the country is majorly Alemannic Germans, but there are also other small ethnic groups like the Turks and Italians. The fifth fact is that the administrative division of the country is divided into eleven communes who are composed of single villages or towns. The sixth fact about the country is that energy production in the country is 145 million kWh whereas its electricity consumption is 1.36 billion kWh. The last fact about the co untry is that its national day is celebrated on August 15 as a commemoration of its independence from Germany (Claitor's Law Books and Publishing Division., 2014). The country Lichtenstein has a had an extensive past as their sovereignty has been changed a number of times. The country’s history is traced back to the year 1866. Different scholars have discovered forms of human existence in the country during the Neolithic age. Forms of colonization started in the areas as early as 800BC by the group known as the Rhaetians. Later during the 15BC, the country was colonized by the Romans and set up the castle known as Schaan castle to protect their territory in the region from the tribe was known as the Germanic people (Newsnet. "History of Liechtenstein.", 1996).  

Security Site Survey Essay Example for Free

Security Site Survey Essay The security survey at the DeVry Corporate Center was conducted on June 10, 2013, by Christian Moreno who was retained by the DeVry University for this purpose. Information set forth in this report was obtained from Gregory Smith, Executive Vice President Chief Financial Officer, and from David Davis, Facilities Manager, and from personal observations of Thomas Brown during the inspection of this facility. This report is intended as a detailed audit of all phases of the DeVry Corporate Center security operations and a review and evaluation of those areas and activities most vulnerable to the theft or safety risks. Neither the DeVry Corporate Center nor the writer of this report is in a position to evaluate the integrity of the employees of DeVry University and this report does not attempt to do so. Summary The DeVry Center is located on a four-acre plot of land in downtown New York City. It is a 30-story corporate tower high-rise, which includes 1,250 underground parking garage spaces and a rooftop garden. Construction of the building was completed in December of 2008, and 27 of the 30 floors are occupied by tenants. Currently, there are 1,800 tenants in the building, which has a maximum capacity of 2,000. THE CAMPUS DeVry occupies five floors in the 24-story building at 180 Madison Avenue. The campuss 48,750 square feet of space provide an outstanding, professionally attractive, high-tech learning environment for students. DeVry has 12 classrooms and seven state-of-the art laboratories. The classrooms have an average seating capacity of 20 students. The campus is equipped with a wireless network to accomodate laptop computers. There are three labs supporting the Electronics programs: averaging 21 seats. There is one Network Lab designed to support individual networks with a capacity of 18 positions. The remaining labs support the Computer Information Systems programs as well as those business and other programs requiring the use of personal computers. Science and Biomed classes are taught in the Physics Lab. The Physics Lab is equipped with networked PCs and scientific testing equipment. The library has over 18,000 paper and electronic titles, 60 paper periodicals, 9 databases and 25 computer workstations for student use. The Academic Support Center provides students with free tutoring, computer-assisted instruction, and workshops on various instructional topics. Physical Security The receptionist desk is staffed from 8 AM until 7 PM even though the company operates 24 hours a day. During other hours the security guard is stationed at the receptionist’s desk. Electronic identification cards are used by employees to gain access to the exterior doors as well as interior doors on a restricted basis. A six-hour emergency backup system is a component of the door control system to ensure security in the event of a power failure. Additionally, there is a lockbox for keys to be used in an emergency and it is located in the Facilities Manager’s office. A security guard patrols the exterior of the building and the parking lot during times when the receptionist is on duty. The security guard escorts the cleaning crew when working in the premises. Campus security personnel patrol the building on a regular basis (Monday through Friday from 7:00 a.m. to 11:00 p.m. and Saturdays from 7:30 a.m. to 7:00 p.m.) and are alert to any suspicious activity. Security personnel report any possible criminal activity to local law enforcement personnel, and any possible code of conduct violation to the Dean of Students. The Dean of Student Services also acts as the New York City Community Affairs Officer to aid in the monitoring of all crimes that occur on or around campus grounds. Campus safety and security is the shared responsibility of both students and staff. To enhance student and staff awareness of their responsibilities for their own safety the following will be provided throughout the year. * Pamphlets on personal safety are posted on bulletin boards and available in Student Services. * Campus security has a copy of the evacuation plan. * The Student Handbook includes emergency phone numbers for students, faculty and staff. * Displays of safety/security information are set up in the Lobby, Student Services Office and/or the Student Commons. * School publications are used as a forum for topics on the necessity of taking control of personal safety. * Procedures for informing appropriate personnel of any emergencies and emergency evacuation procedures are available in each department. Alarm System There is an alarm system installed but since the company operates around the clock there has never been the need to activate it. There are two emergency exits which are alarmed and clearly labeled. Closed Circuit Television [CCTV] There are sixteen closed circuit digital color cameras and the file is maintained for a period of thirty days. The monitors are located in the Facilities Manger’s office and at the receptionist’s desk. Another monitor is located in the vault area to allow employees there to view the lobby outside the shipping/receiving area. Visitors – Visitor Log Visitors are required to sign in a log at the receptionist’s desk and wear a visitor badge while on the premises. Recommendation The implementation of Universal Access Cards would allow an observer to track a person’s movement on site. In the matter of such cards, it is believe that some degree of track ability is acceptable. Naturally, certain sensitive non-facility areas must be treated with care. For example, payroll and human resources some other areas of administration must be accessible to students without requiring them to use their unique access card. Other tracking may possible with the introduction of networked swipe-card locks, even if the actual transmission of data from the lock to the data center is encrypted (as the company requires from its future contractor).

Big and Small Game Site :: Essays Papers

Big and Small Game Site There is an immense amount of Internet sites on the World Wide Web that covers a broad array of topics. Two of these topics found on the internet are fishing and hunting on the Complete Resource for Fishing and Hunting site, www.fishing-hunting.com. According to the producers of the site, it is â€Å"A complete resource for fishing and hunting. Including a fishing directory, fishing tournament news, fishing reports, fishing news, fishing articles, a hunting directory, hunting news, hunting articles and much more.† (Complete Resource for Fishing and Hunting) The site truly is well designed and is what it claims; it has articles on many diverse fishing and hunting topics, articles, and directories along with a search engine to search them. Fishing-Hunting.com has a nice design to it. Using the red, white, and blue color scheme gives the site an American design. The text on the page is easy to read due to the fact that they contrast the colors nicely with the background such as the white links on the blue background. The site is easy to navigate with all the links to each of the areas on the left side of the page. While navigating the site if someone cannot find something on a specific topic they can search the site by using two search engines. The content seems to come from all types of people depending on the where it is located within the site. The articles on the site are, for the majority, from people who have experience in the topic they are writing about. Some could even be considered experts, such as Jim Porter. Porter has his own site, which states he has over 800+ published articles and his work has appeared â€Å"in [BassMaster, Bassin', Bass'N Gal], many State Game and Fish publications, and numerous newsstand magazines.† (Porter) Although some articles are written by experienced personnel on the fishing-hunting.com site, such as Porter, there are archives where people can submit their own articles for other web surfers to view. Along with submitting articles to the site, users are also able to submit their own photos to show off their big catch or big game they got in the past seasons. Big and Small Game Site :: Essays Papers Big and Small Game Site There is an immense amount of Internet sites on the World Wide Web that covers a broad array of topics. Two of these topics found on the internet are fishing and hunting on the Complete Resource for Fishing and Hunting site, www.fishing-hunting.com. According to the producers of the site, it is â€Å"A complete resource for fishing and hunting. Including a fishing directory, fishing tournament news, fishing reports, fishing news, fishing articles, a hunting directory, hunting news, hunting articles and much more.† (Complete Resource for Fishing and Hunting) The site truly is well designed and is what it claims; it has articles on many diverse fishing and hunting topics, articles, and directories along with a search engine to search them. Fishing-Hunting.com has a nice design to it. Using the red, white, and blue color scheme gives the site an American design. The text on the page is easy to read due to the fact that they contrast the colors nicely with the background such as the white links on the blue background. The site is easy to navigate with all the links to each of the areas on the left side of the page. While navigating the site if someone cannot find something on a specific topic they can search the site by using two search engines. The content seems to come from all types of people depending on the where it is located within the site. The articles on the site are, for the majority, from people who have experience in the topic they are writing about. Some could even be considered experts, such as Jim Porter. Porter has his own site, which states he has over 800+ published articles and his work has appeared â€Å"in [BassMaster, Bassin', Bass'N Gal], many State Game and Fish publications, and numerous newsstand magazines.† (Porter) Although some articles are written by experienced personnel on the fishing-hunting.com site, such as Porter, there are archives where people can submit their own articles for other web surfers to view. Along with submitting articles to the site, users are also able to submit their own photos to show off their big catch or big game they got in the past seasons.

Arnold’s Epochs of Expansion Essay

â€Å"I am bound by my own definition of criticism: a disinterested endeavor to learn and propagate the best that is known and thought in the world;† (Leitch 824) said the Victorian poet and critic Matthew Arnold. Matthew Arnold, an English poet and critic whose work was both a representative of the Romantic ideas and of the Victorian intellectual concerns later on was the primary literary critic of his age. Arnold’s critical theories is highlighted mainly through his most important critical prose â€Å"The Function of Criticism at the Present Time† in which he examines the role of the critic in society and presents his critical concept. Arnold’s contribution to literary theory is his theories on epochs of expansion and epochs of concentration, which throughout the course of this essay will be thoroughly explained. Matthew Arnold, a Romantic poet transformed into a critic of the Romantic Age, contributes to the English critical theories, the concept of epo chs of expansion and epochs of concentration. Matthew Arnold, poet and critic was born on December 24 1822 in Laleham, Middlesex England and passed away April 15, 1888. He was considered the father of the modern criticism movement into the Objective Theory. Arnold was the eldest son of Thomas Arnold, historian and famous headmaster of Rugby, and of Mary (Penrose) Arnold. Throughout the beginning of Arnold’s life he was educated at Rugby and then at Balliol College, University of Oxford, where he graduated. Shortly after Arnold graduated he was elected to a fellowship at Oriel, and after teaching a little at Rugby he became a private secretary to the Marquis of Lansdowne. After becoming the private secretary to Lord Lansdowne, he was appointed to inspector of schools, a position he held up until 1886, two years before his death. During his term he went on a number of missions and visitation of European schools. He was impressed by some of the educational systems that he wrote several works about them as well. Arnold’s literary career can be divided into four separate periods in which the first period was in the 1850s where a large amount of his poems appeared; the second being in the 1860s in which his literary criticism and social criticism emerged; and the third being in the 1870s where his religious and educational writings surfaced; finally the fourth period being the one in the 1880s, where his second set of essays in literary criticism emerged. The fact that Arnold was born into an age that  was shifting from the Romantics into the Victorian Age gave him a perspective of both ages in which he actually wrote in both ages. Arnold began as a Romantic poet merely writing Romantic poetry and displaying the various Romantic intellectual ideas. Later on, Arnold switched into prose and began writing critical works in which Arnold became a critic of the Romantic Age and intellectual thoughts. Matthew Arnold was one of the most significant literary critics of his age. He was the Professor of Poetry at Oxford from the time of 1857 to 1867, during which he wrote his first books of criticism, including On Translating Homer (1861), Essays in Criticism (1865; Series 2, 1888), In the Study of Celtic Literature (1867), and a number of other books regarding criticism as well. In his first volume of Essays in Criticism, came Arnold’s most important critical work in the name of â€Å"The Function of Criticism at the Present Time,† in which Arnold examines the role of the critic in society and formulates the critical theory of an epoch of expansion and epoch of concentration. Arnold’s essay suggests that the critic’s role is one of a personal and social nature but the critic must maintain â€Å"disinterestedness,† according to Arnold, to produce a proper critique. Arnold wanted to lay down the rules for aesthetic art in his age; he wanted them to have rules in order to produce a great anesthetic object. Arnold also tried to establish an aesthetic realm and emphasize the role of critics. Therefore, Arnold wrote â€Å"The Function of Criticism at the Present Time,† which is an essay where he laid down his theory and where he argued for the central role of the critic in collecting and producing great literature. In Arnold’s essay â€Å"The Function of Criticism at the Present Time†, Arnold asserted that criticism is a positive and noble task. Since, Arnold began as a poet and was a poet himself he gives some emphasis to the creative abilities of the poet yet he also gives a greater emphasis to the analytical abilities of the critic. Matthew Arnold introduced the concept of poetry as a synthesizing process in which the poet synthesizes ideas and puts these ideas together to form a work of art. He also introduced the role of the critic being the analyst of those ideas. So, in other words, Arnold states that the poet collects the information and the critic saturates or divides  those ideas and by dividing and synthesizing these ideas there will be an artistic process or dialogue in which the poets will see their work analyzed and view their weak points and try to synthesize new and powerful ideas. After the poet synthesizes newer and powerful ideas the critic then will take these ideas and analyze them, divide them, break them apart and talk about the strong and weak points in them, so this is a continual process of analyzing and synthesizing. Arnold gives the poet the creative ability and the critic the analytical ability; yet, both of them are creators, one of them synthesizes and produces or creates and the other analyzes and by analyzing he introduces new ideas to the poet. The critic introduces new ideas to the poet by analysis and discovery and by seeing the objects as they are and not as they are supposed to be. Therefore, the critic and poet are both interdependent on each other and need the other to function well. Furthermore, Arnold formulated a theory in which the world of art passes through periods which are called epochs. There are two epochs: epoch of expansion and the other epoch is an epoch of concentration. Matthew Arnold defined the epoch of expansion as a period in time in which the poets come up with new ideas, ideas that are very rare. Arnold believes that only the artistic world would pass through those two epochs. According to Arnold, the epoch of expansion was seen in two very important periods, the first epoch of expansion is Periclean Athens, in which the greatest voices and works of Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides existed, and the second epoch of expansion is Elizabethan England, where the greatest voices and works of William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe, and Ben Jonson flourished. Arnold states that the significance of those periods in the history of art is because they formed many new ideas that were rare at the time. Therefore, according to Arnold’s definition, an epoch of expansion involved the poet synthesizing and creating a creative work of literature from the intellectual cultural moments at the time into a great work of literature. Arnold also defines the epoch of concentration as the epochs in which the critics find the good use of the ideas introduced in the epoch of expansion and they analyze it, and by analyzing them, they come up with new ideas to  present to the poets. In other words, the epoch of expansion consists of numerous new ideas that are emerge up and many sources in these periods that when they pass, the critics look at them, break them down, analyze them and then produce new ideas. The critic’s role would be of a rational nature in which he analyzes the object or work of literature. Then after the epoch of concentration presents the new ideas to the poets, another epoch of expansion comes to life by the poets in which they synthesized and put together newer ideas from the analysis of the critics in order to present a newer epoch of expansion. Time then passes as well and the critic takes those new ideas, breaks them down again, and analyzes them to come up with fresher ideas. Furthermore, the critics and poets are working one after the other, and each epoch completes the next by displaying its features. Yet, in the epoch of concentration, the criticism produced â€Å"must maintain its independence of the practical spirit and its aim.† (Leitch 822) This quote in simpler words states that the critic should be an unbiased individual that does not let his emotions, thoughts, or any action in the country at the time to influence his analysis and that the analysis presented is based solely on the work of art presented to him. Therefore, the critic’s role â€Å"in all branches of knowledge, theology, philosophy, history, art, science [is] to see the object as in itself it really is.† (Leitch 806) The critics work later on influences the creative powers of the poet’s creativity and therefore precipitat es the â€Å"creative epochs of literature.† (Leitch 808) Arnold states that the great force of the epoch of concentration was England and the greatest voice of this epoch was Burke. The objective theorists made it their job to drift away from the Romantic values and establish their own similar to the Expressive theorists and their rebellions against the Neoclassicists. Therefore, they gave the critic a stronger role in producing great literature, which was not given by previous and older theorists and theories. Hence, Arnold aid that a critic is as important as the poet in this artistic process, which is very similar to Alexander Pope’s ideas. Arnold also stated that the critic ought to have a disinterested way of looking at the world, being natural and not subjective, but objective. Therefore, some of Matthew Arnold’s influences on his theories were of Aristotle, in the emphasis of the synthesizing process of  the poet as a creative creator. An influence of Burke in referencing that the poet is a creative force and the critic is a rational force similar to the concept of Imagination and Judgment. There is also the influence of Alexander Pope in relating that the role of criticism is a positive and noble task and that the critic is as important if not more important than the poet himself. Finally, one more influence would be that of the Pragmatic way of asserting that criticism should be a neutral task and not biased. There is no doubt that Arnold influenced numerous individuals with his critical concept that one of those influenced by Arnold is T.S. Elliot, in the manner of replacig the Romantic emphasis on spontaneity, originality, and novelty with the new focus on history, culture and tradition. Elliot also presents his critical work â€Å"The Function of Criticism† being derived from the same title Arnold used in his critical work â€Å"The Function of Criticism at the Present Time.† Arnold’s criticism also had a major impact on the work of writers such as Walter Pater, Oscar Wilde, George Eliot, Henry James, Thomas Hardy, and even George Santayana, and Wallace Stevens. Another critic influenced by Matthew Arnold is Harold Bloom, a critic who expresses a lofty disregard for Arnold. Matthew Arnold, therefore, â€Å"defines criticism as involving flexibility, openness, to new experiences, and curiosity†¦He insists, too, on the ‘free play’ of mind.† (Leitch 805) Within Arnold’s definition lies the concept of an epoch of expansion and an epoch of concentration being interdependent and related to each other. This view contributed to laying down the roles of each the poet and the critic as being the creative and rational individuals who synthesize and analyze great works of literature. Criticism might praise certain elements of literature, but must maintain dissatisfaction with the whole as long as it falls short of the â€Å"fullness of spiritual perfection.† (Leitch 822) The critic is therefore the propagator of art, culture, and society. Through the critic’s work, fresh and true ideas are observed and passed into the world in order to shape and influence the creative mind. Without criticism, the flow of creativity and progress would be detained, according to Arnold’s thoughts. In conclusion, Matthew Arnold, a Romantic poet transformed into a critic of the Romantic Age contributed highly to the Objective theorist approach to criticism. This contribution is presented through his great prose work â€Å"The Function of Criticism at the Present Time,† in which, the critical concept of an epoch of expansion and an epoch of concentration is presented. An epoch of expansion being an era, in which a poet creatively synthesizes an intellectual cultural moment into a great work of literature and the critic therefore in his epoch of concentration, analyzes this work disinterestedly and presents the weakness and strong points of this, therefore presenting fresher and newer ideas to the poet to be taken in consideration. The poet therefore, takes those ideas and applies them to the later works, which presents the interdependent relationship of both the critic and poet. This concept later on influenced a number of writers and critics and their works and contributed highly to the modern critical theory. I believe that throughout this research paper, I benefited a lot from the information researched and presented and understand Arnold’s perspective and theory to an extent that I can agree to his theory of the critic and poet being codependent on each others.

Brain – Psychology

The brain works together in a mysterious way. In 1981, it was discovered that the brain is actually split into two hemispheres, left and right. Each hemisphere of the brain processes information in its own unique way. Each side of the brain carries on it’s own set of task and duties it needs to accomplish, but at the same time, both parts still work together. When deciding on which hemisphere I rely on the most, it can easily be said that I use the left-hemisphere more so than the right. I am a very analytical person who is constantly trying to analyze and solve problems that arise.I’m very keen to detail and usually don’t understand the overall picture at first, but rather all the small details that make it up. Not only am I good with details, I’m also great at mathematics and subjects that require a lot of analyzing and paying attention to detail. The right hemisphere is what allows us to see the whole picture instead of the minor details. Even though th e right hemisphere performs the simplest of task, if it is damaged, the person will not be able to recognize some aspects of speech. Looking back at my youth, I wasn’t really into solving puzzles or drawing, both of which the right hemisphere has domain over.It was interesting to read about the different brain hemispheres and how they work together, or in the case of â€Å"split brains† against each other. â€Å"Split Brain† is an operation that can be done, in which the corpus callosum is cut to control severe epilepsy. After the operation, the person basically has two brains that function individually on their own. The brain is such a powerful tool that it is amazing to see how much complexity there is to it.Coon, D. , & Mitterer, J. O. (2010). Introduction to Psychology. Belmont,CA: Wadsworth Publishing.

Power

In this world there is a little known thing called power. Power is what gave the United States and the Soviet Union the right to dominate wars. During the Cold War the U.S. and the Soviet Union had a race to make the most powerful bomb in the world, them hydrogen bomb. This lead to the creation of the atom bomb, which put a stop to World War II. Both of the countries had many scientist, nuclear physicist, and chemist on the job. The main brain of this leadership to make the bomb in the Soviet Union was a man named Andrey Dmitryevich Sakharov. He was a nuclear physicist and is considered the father of the Soviet Unions hydrogen bomb. Even though Sakharov first invented a viable hydrogen bomb, a man named Edward Teller came up with the first product called the hydrogen bomb, which was tested and used in 1952. With all of this power now in the air, the impact of the bombs consequences is very deadly. The hydrogen bomb came in four different sizes: the Tritium bomb, the De! uterium bomb, the Booster bomb, and the Fission-Fusion-Fission bomb. The pressure to develop the hydrogen bomb increased in the United States after the Soviet Union detonated its first atomic bomb in August 1949. The Atomic bomb is what lead up to this entire power race with other countries. Robert J. Oppenheimer, led an American team during World War II to produce the Atomic bomb. The Atomic bomb is an explosive device that depends upon the release of energy in a nuclear reaction known as fission, which is the splitting of atomic nuclei (Grolier 1). It was the first race between the USSR and the U.S. in which we won. We came up with the first product over the Soviet Union in 1945. Edward Teller (1908- ) was a Hungarian-American physicist known for his work on the hydrogen bomb. Teller was born in Budapest and educated in Germany at the Institute of Technology in Karisruhe and the universities of Munich and Leipzig. In 1941, he became...

How to Crush Google Analytics Spam in 2017 - CoSchedule

How to Crush Google Analytics Spam in 2017 Google Analytics is the most popular freemium web analytics service in the world and it is estimated that today over 50 million websites  across hundreds of countries  use the tool. Google Analytics today is nearly twelve years old and has come in several different shapes and sizes over the years adding ever increasing levels of insight. The unrivaled level of data and tracking that it offers today means that if you don’t have it installed on your website youre missing out on such crucial statistics as: What user demographics are visiting your site How they are reaching your site What pages on your site are performing well or badly †¦ and much more! What webmaster in their right mind wouldn’t want access to such crucial data that can help them grow their business for free? None, of course. But what happens when you skew the data with spam? What happens when the statistics that you thought were giving you such in-depth insights into user None, of course. But what happens when you skew the data with spam? What happens when the statistics that you thought were giving you such in-depth insights into user behavior on your website are actually bogus? Well, it completely devalues the data and renders it almost useless, especially if you’re a smaller brand with much less website traffic than a huge company. Whether you are a small business owner conducting landing page A/B tests or part of a large company and need to present data to your boss, analytics spam can cause you a mighty headache. But don’t fear! This article will fully explain each type of spam that may affect your Google Analytics profile and exactly how you can remove it to prevent spam from ruining your data in the future. Before We Continue: Get Two Free Google Analytics Bonus Guides + 5 Custom Reports Google Analytics can be complicated enough without worrying about spam. Once youve filtered out all the junk from your account, learn how to leverage it for success with these free resources: Five Questions About Your Site Google Analytdics Can Answer: Learn how Google Analytics can help you better understand your sites performance. Write Smarter Content With Google Analytics: Learn how to write content your audience wants, backed by real data. Best Times Google Analytics Custom Reports: Get pre-built one-click dashboards to help you identify the best times to post on social media, send email, and more.How to Crush Google Analytics Spam in 2017How Does Analytics Spam Work Why Would Anyone Bother? There are several types of spam that affect  Google Analytics but by far and away the most popular is referral spam, sometimes referred to as ghost spam, as often it never actually reaches the affected website. Apart from the contamination of statistics, luckily this spam technique never actually harms the affected sites. Referral spam is the process that spammers use where they utilize web spiders or bots to send one or more fake hits to a Google Analytics account (a hit can take the form of anything from a page view to a transaction). The spammers will target thousands of websites per day, presumably at random, so don’t be lead to believe that you or your agency has committed an SEO crime which has plagued you with this problem! In some cases, advanced spammers can make bots read your Google Analytics script that is embedded on your web page. They will then extract your unique Property ID, add it to their database and continually spam your site, making it look like they have sent huge amounts of referral traffic to your site and putting them top of your referral list in Google Analytics. Sneaky. "Okay, I get it so far, but why would anyone bother to create Google Analytics spam?" I hear you ask. Well, apart from the pure fun of it, there are a number of reasons people are doing this: Generate traffic of their own. Arguably the main reason for referral/ghost spam. Not only are spammers inflating and blemishing your traffic stats, they are also increasing their own through people’s natural curiosity to click their links and it’s reported that they are in fact increasing sales  with this tactic. Whether they redirect the link to a site where they are selling physical products or services or simply taking you to sites covered in ads, the additional traffic is profitable Get commission.  Affiliates often get commission through increasing traffic statistics and this is an easy way for corrupt sites to do so Propaganda. Believe it or not, some users are even creating referral spam to spread their own personal political beliefs and propaganda. The most notorious case being the pro-Trump spam spread by Russian spammer Vitaly Popov. 4. Black Hat SEOs. There have been rumors in some cases where SEO’s or marketing agencies have used referral spam as a way of bloating their own client's traffic statistics to give a false impression of success. 5. Harvesting emails. The spammers will then sell the email addresses to 3rd parties who can use them for bulk email campaigns. 6. Spreading malware. There’s nothing spammers like more than causing havoc for the sake of it. Could spammers be trying to spread malware in your #Google #Analytics account? Find out (and fight...Now we’ve established what exactly Analytics spam is, why anyone bothers to create it, and how harmful it can be for your Google Analytics account and business, let’s talk about how we can prevent it. Recommended Reading: Using Google Analytics to Write Smarter Content Know the Different Types of Google Analytics Spam Out There ( How to Prevent Them) Google Analytics spam comes in different shapes and forms. Here are some common varieties to be aware of. Referral Spam Referral Spam is the main method here and one we’ve touched on already. It started a few years ago with the main culprits being sites such as "semalt" and "buttons-for-websites" and now it’s rare to see an analytics account that doesn’t have "abc.xyz", "free-traffic.xyz" or "ilovevitaly.com" as a referrer. How can you stop it? One of the first suggestions that surfaced on forums, social media and SEO news sites was blocking the related URL’s through your .htaccess file  in the root directory of your domain. How to Block Spam Bots in .htacess This method involves copy and pasting a bunch of code into your site and can be dangerous when done incorrectly as the .htaccess file is extremely important and defines how your server behaves. Entering the code incorrectly can take down the whole site so exercise this technique with extreme caution. If you do feel skilled enough at having a go at this method then check out this handy guide on blocking spam bots in .htaccess. Although in a lot of cases this works, as mentioned previously, most of the bots now do not even visit the website rendering blocking their URL in your .htaccess useless. It’s also extremely time-consuming to block all the URL’s, especially as there are new ones seemingly popping up every day. There must be a better solution†¦ Recommended Reading: How to Boost Traffic With 34 SEO Tips You Need to Know (+ Free Kit) Filtering Spam Bots with Custom Filters in Google Analytics Utilizing Custom Filters was the most effective workaround to the Google Analytics referral spam problem for a long while and it’s still a handy solution to know. It’s a much easier method to implement than blocking spam domains through .htaccess and you don’t need any coding skill. The only potential hazard here is filtering the wrong set of data and further polluting your data by entering the correct filter string. Follow the guide below and you won’t have any problems: Step 1: Head over to your Google Analytics profile and click Acquisition All Traffic Referrals: Step 2: Sort Referral Traffic by Bounce Rate: And make sure that you’ve set the timeframe to at least a couple of months: A zero or 100% bounce rate, with at least 20 sessions is a strong indicator that the referrer domain is spammy. If you’re unsure the domain you’re looking at is, in fact, spammy and you want to make sure you’re not excluding legitimate traffic sources, then you can check them against our trusted Ultimate Referral List  (a 128 domain strong list of referral spammers). Step 3: What to do if you can't find the domain? If you can’t find the domain in our list or other user-generated ‘Referral Spam Domain Lists’ that you can find online, such as ... https://github.com/piwik/referrer-spam-blacklist https://referrerspamblocker.com/blacklist https://perishablepress.com/4g-ultimate-referrer-blacklist/ ... then consider search the site’s domain on Google or social media to see what others are saying about it. Remember to err on the side of caution and not visit the potentially spammy sites as we already know they can be malicious and full of viruses. Step 4: Now that you have collated your final list of spammy referring domains we can then block them using ‘Custom Filters’. Head over to your Google Analytics profile and hit the ‘Admin’ tab. Then under the View  column, you will want to click the Filters button: Once you’ve navigated to the ‘Filters’ page click the big red Add Filter button: Step 5: Once you’re on the Edit Filter page you can enter the name that you’d like to call the filter. In the example below I have simply labeled them ‘Spam Referrers’ but you may wish to make this more descriptive or specific, especially if you have a lot of spam sites that you are wishing to filter out. Select the Custom Filter Type and check the Exclude option from the options below. Under Filter Field, you will want to select ‘Campaign Source’. Next, you’ll want to add in the Filter Pattern as you see it in the example below. ‘example.com|example2.com|example3.com’  etc. The pipe symbol ‘|’ is used as an "or" operator meaning that the filter ‘example.com’ or  example2.com or  example3.com will be excluded. However, Don't end the filter pattern with a pipe, as Google themselves warn that this â€Å"will exclude ALL referral sources†. Remember that you can only add in around ten or so spam referring domains as there is a 255 character limit for each filter. To get around this simply add in more filters until you’ve blocked all of the desired domains. Need to filter out spam bots in #Google #Analytics? Here's how:Referral Exclusion List The final method of blocking spam referral domains in Google Analytics that we’re going to look at is called the ‘Referral Exclusion List’ method and is the first solution that Google themselves have created for excluding rogue domains. The first thing that needs mentioning about this method is that it only works if you’re using the newer Universal Analytics rather than Classic Google Analytics. When Google released this new feature within Universal Analytics they highlighted two common uses for it: Third Party Referrals.  Especially payment processors. After you have added a payment processor into your Referral Exclusion List, when a user leaves your site to the payment processor then returns to your site following a purchase, the processor won’t show as the referring domain. A great example of this is if you use PayPal and you constantly see that as a referring source. Add PayPal as a referral exclusion and this will no longer skew the data. Self-Referrals. If you have several subdomains that a user may jump back and forth from you can add your own site into the exclusion list to prevent artificially inflating traffic data. Your site is automatically added to this when you set up your Analytics property so needs no implementation. However,  Google make no mention  of using this technique to block spam and some will argue that there is a reason behind this! Google states: â€Å"When you exclude a referral source, traffic that arrives to your site from the excluded domain doesn’t trigger a new session.† But, this doesn’t mean that the visit has been completely removed from your Analytics data. In some cases, it has been reported  that Google Analytics merely attributes the source of the visit differently, from a referral to ‘direct’ traffic. It has removed the referral spam attribution but the data can still be ruined. Again, exercise with caution! Recommended Reading: The Best Advice on How to Grow Your Blog Traffic By 1,044% In 1 Year With all that in mind, here’s how to access the Referral Exclusion List and block single domains: Step 1: Head over to the Admin tab in your Google Analytics account then click Tracking Info within the Property column: Step 2: Under the ‘Tracking Info’ dropdown select ‘Referral Exclusion List’ ...then click the ‘+ ADD REFERRAL EXCLUSION’ button. Step 3: Simply add in the domains that you wish to exclude from your referral traffic. One downside to this technique is that you can’t add domains in bulk which is another reason that the filter method (mentioned previously) may be more efficient. Language Spam The Future of Spam Just when we thought we had it all figured, along came a brand new brand of spam ready to pollute our beautiful Analytics data once more! Towards the back end of 2016, a new wave of Analytics spam hit many accounts, Language Spam. Ever notice sentences similar to this in your Language Report on Analytics? How about these: o-o-8-o-o.com search shell is much better than google! Vitaly rules google ☆*:ï ½ ¡Ã£â€šÅ"ï ¾Å¸Ã¯ ½ ¥*ãÆ' ½(^á ´â€"^)ï ¾â€°*ï ½ ¥Ã£â€šÅ"ï ¾Å¸Ã¯ ½ ¡:*☆  ¯_(ãÆ'„)_/ ¯(à ²  Ã§â€ºÅ Ã  ²  )(à ² ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¿Ã  ² ¥)(ʘ†¿ÃŠËœ)áÆ'Å¡(à ²  _à ²  Ã¡Æ'Å¡)( Í ¡Ã‚ ° ÍÅ"Êâ€" Í ¡Ã‚ °)ãÆ' ½(ï ¾Å¸Ãâ€Ã¯ ¾Å¸)ï ¾â€°ÃŠâ€¢ÃŒ «Ã ¡ÃŠâ€Ã¡ ¶Ëœ á µâ€™Ã¡ ´ ¥Ã¡ µâ€™Ã¡ ¶â€¦(=^ ^=)oO The Language Spam problem was combined with yet more referral spam and often saw sites such as  brateg.xyz, begalka.xyz, bukleteg.xyz etc. in your data. Eventually, the referral spam was managing to use legitimate websites such as reddit.com, twitter.com  Ã‚  thenextweb.com to disguise itself. According to reports, research has shown that this is not too dissimilar to the standard referral spam we saw previously in how it works which means that it’s easy enough to block. Once the Language Spam has been recorded there is no way to permanently remove it from your historical data but you can filter it to report accurate historical statistics. You can also utilize the same methods to block Language Spam as you can with Referral Spam as we explain in detail further up the page. Has your site been hit by Language Spam? Here's what to do about it.Here’s how you can utilize Custom Segments to view accurate historical data even after you’ve been inflicted with Language Spam: Step 1: On report view in your Google Analytics account click ‘+ Add Segment’ at the top of the page ... ... then click the big, red ‘+New Segment’ button. Step 2: Staying on the ‘Demographics’ tab that you default to, give your new Segment a simple, easy to identify name: Step 3: Next up, you want to select ‘does not match regex’ from the drop down tab next to ‘Language’ and enter the following expression and then hit save: .{15,}|s[^s]*s|.|,|!|/ The filter above excludes any traffic where the language name contains 15+ characters as most, .com,.co.uk, .fr for example, don’t go over that limit yet the Language Spam names often do. It also excludes symbols which are invalid for use in the language field, such as commas, exclamations marks and speech marks, that are used to construct these spammy domain names. Once saved, you can now look back at data in your Google Analytics account over any period of time and analyze non-infiltrated stats. Lovely! Google Analytics spam is not a new thing and has been frustrating website owners and marketers alike for quite a while now. Whilst, with these techniques, you can block most of the spam coming through, there will no doubt be something else affecting your account somewhere along the line. Keep an eye out for any suspicious looking websites and the methods in this article may just be able to still help you.

Simple Conjugations for the French Verb Réussir

Simple Conjugations for the French Verb Rà ©ussir T​he  French verb conjugation  of  rà ©ussir. Present Future Imperfect Present participle je russis russirai russissais russissant tu russis russiras russissais il russit russira russissait nous russissons russirons russissions vous russissez russirez russissiez ils russissent russiront russissaient Pass compos Auxiliary verb avoir Past participle russi Subjunctive Conditional Pass simple Imperfect subjunctive je russisse russirais russis russisse tu russisses russirais russis russisses il russisse russirait russit russt nous russissions russirions russmes russissions vous russissiez russiriez russtes russissiez ils russissent russiraient russirent russissent Imperative tu russis nous russissons vous russissez Verb conjugation patternRà ©ussir  is a  regular -IR verb

Analysis of Chief Elements of Eat2Eat's Strategy Case Study

Analysis of Chief Elements of Eat2Eat's Strategy - Case Study Example The five tasks of strategic management include 1. Developing the mission and vision, 2. Developing objectives, 3. Developing Strategy, 4. Implementing Strategy and 5. Evaluating Performance and improving Strategy (Chenata, 18). Aggarwal rates low because Aggarwal has not been able to develop a feasible mission and vision statement for the company. Right now, he has no objectives for the firm which would have been developed keeping in mind the vision and mission of the company. Since there are no objectives in Agarwal’s mind, the company lacks a strategic vision. When a company does not have a proper mission and vision, it risks its chances of going off-track. 2. Is Aggarwal’s present strategic vision for Eat2Eat different from the one he had when he originally founded it?   When Aggarwal first founded the company, he wanted to open up an internet chain that would work on the same track as that of online hotel and airline Ticket Company, just that the company would foc us on restaurant bookings. Even though Aggarwal has not developed a mission and vision statement, the strategic vision has remained the same. While Aggarwal has expanded his reach to new countries and taken on promoting restaurants through website advertising, the company still earns a majority of its revenues through restaurant booking. 3. What are the chief elements of Eat2Eat’s business model? How does the company generate revenues? What are the primary cost drivers? How does it deliver value to customers?   The chief elements of Eat2Eat’s business model include an online service that is yet to have direct competition. The organization is able to generate revenues through three channels. These include its main revenue-generating area which is online booking of restaurants; advertising for restaurants on the website; and credit card companies that build an alliance with the company. The company has also been able to cover a wide geographical area in a relatively sh ort time span. The primary cost drivers for the company include travelling expenses that the CEO incurs while contacting new partners. It also includes salaries paid to employees and maintaining the website. It delivers value to its customers by providing a myriad of restaurant choices to book form and also by giving reviews about these restaurants that are written by the CEO himself and are objective in nature. 4. What are the chief elements of Eat2Eat s strategy? Which of the five generic strategies discussed in Chapter 5 is Eat2Eat pursuing? Has Eat2Eat s strategy evolved since it was originally conceived?   Strategies adopted by organizations all over the world have been generally categorized into five generic strategies. These include best cost provider strategy, focused low-cost strategy, focused differentiation strategy, broad differentiation strategy and low-cost provider strategy (Thompson, Strickland, Gamble and Jain, 138).  

Food Policy for Public Health Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Food Policy for Public Health Practice - Essay Example The National Food Guide also suggests individuals to reduce the foodstuff having saturated fats and sugar. It is also mentioned in the National food Guide to stay active and achieve a healthy weight. A healthy weight doesn’t mean to reduce the weight below the recommended level but to maintain it according to the age, height and other factors of the individual. The National food Guide also involves a recommendation to drink plenty of water. Our body requires lots and lots of water for a healthier and disease free life (Gidding 2005 Health Education Authority, 1994). These nutritional requirements are necessary for the adolescents or children at this growing phase because if they are not fulfilled the children or adolescents may catch some disease or disorder. The Australians Guide to Healthy Eating has given out guidelines as to which food should be particularly given importance when concerned with the proper nutrition of the body. Following the guidelines by AGTHE a new strat egy has been developed which aims at improving the basis of nutrition for the children and this strategy is named as Healthy Food and Drink Supply Strategy. The points given out by the HFDSS divide the food into different segments which should be taken as per the nutritional requirement of the individual. Further these segments are also known as the smart choices as with the help of these smart choices one can select the best possible nutritional diet for himself/herself (NHRM 2003). Being in my position of a public health nutritionist it has become equally important for me to keep a check on all the relevant jurisdictions under me and as to if they are following the guidelines or not. To further influence them with the Smart Choices it has become very important for me to address some issues so that the schools particularly realize the importance of these ‘Smart Choices’. The first possible step that I would take would be to approach the

Lau v. Nichols Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Lau v. Nichols - Essay Example The situation was then addressed in Lau v. Nichols, which was instituted in 1974 as a remedy, but the decision did not specify a teaching method, and the approach could be "bilingual instruction, English as a second language (ESL) classes or some other approach" (Crawford, para. 1). This broad interpretation has caused a great deal of controversy over the years. Lau was intended to give limited-English-proficient students (LEP) the opportunity to gain the proficiency they needed, but, unfortunately, according to Crawford, a symposium held twenty years after Lau indicates there has been little improvement in the effort to create equity for LEP students. Without one specific method of teaching LEP students, the effort becomes lost, with well-designed programs staffed by qualified teachers available to only a fraction of LEP students. The term "bilingual education" has come to mean a "range of instructional programs for children whose native language is not English," while the best way to accommodate such children has been and continues to be an area of debate. As noted in a research project by the Westchester Institute in New York, the debate centers on the "role of native language in instruction-whether it should be used and for how long" (Westchester, para. 3). Supporters of native language instruction recommend aggressive development of the primary language prior to introduction of English, while proponents of all-English instruction feel that the English curriculum should be introduced at the very beginning of the student's school experience with minimal use of the native language (Westchester). English Immersion in California Public Schools If the use of bilingual education actually meant learning two languages equally well, it might be a feasible program for all students, not just LEP students. Unfortunately, the concept has not been incorporated in public schools, and according to Ron Unz, advocate of English-only instruction, what is called bilingual education actually consists of mostly Spanish language instructions with little English incorporated into teaching. Since over half of America's LED students were born in the United States with most of the remainder coming here at a young age, the argument that older students have a more difficult time learning English covers only a small percentage of LED students (Sailer). Comparing the English immersion program with the bilingual program, English-only instruction would appear to be more successful, not because it is necessarily a better program but because the bilingual method is not being well utilized. Respected author Maxine Hong Kingston was born in California and in her biographical novel Woman Warrior: Memoirs of a Girlhood Among Ghosts, she recognizes the language and cultural barriers she faced during her childhood. She attended both public school and Chinese school, and her family mostly consisted of Chinese immigrants, who labeled anyone not Chinese as "ghosts." The idea of a bilingual education at that time did not exist, and Kingston had to learn English in order to communicate with English-speaking students, teachers, and business people. Even so, for her, the cultural barriers were far more difficult to overcome. Propositions 227 and 203 Proposition 227, passed in 1998,

An analysis of the impact of organizational innovation on the Dissertation

An analysis of the impact of organizational innovation on the organizational effectiveness-The case of Dell computer - Dissertation Example I would also like to thank my English teacher, ----------, who has supported me through the entire phase of the study. He has provided significant assistance towards improving my critical thinking ability, English speaking and writing skills as well as research skills. I am grateful to my parents, who have always assisted me and enhanced my motivation level. This dissertation was only possible due to their faith and positive aspect on me. Lastly, I would like to thank you all for believing in me and permitting me to chase my dreams. Executive Summary Innovation is often referred to as the driver of business or a way by which new ideas sees the light of the day in the form of different products or services. Hence, the definition makes it clear that innovation is a vital component of business. Moreover, this is the fundamental basis of value creation in organizations and is a vital enabler of competitive advantage. The importance of innovation increases to a large extent when the marke t is saturated. Similarly for Dell Computers, innovation can act as a key factor driving the business. The computer Hardware industry is being leaded by Hewlett Packard and Lenovo, but companies such as Dell have fallen behind due to the lack of innovation the system. This study therefore tried to analyze the impact of organizational innovation on the organizational effectiveness, identify the business strategy of Dell and simultaneously recommend the most fitting or appropriate strategy by which Dell can overtake Hewlett Packard as the global leader in personal computer. The study revealed that innovation is a critical element of business and companies around the world are trying to integrate it with their products, services and process delivery. It has been also identified that Dell is pursuing â€Å"broad differentiation strategy†. Although, this is allowing the company to cater to various market segments, but they were recommended to pursue best cost provider strategy. Ta ble of Contents CHAPTER I - INTRODUCTION 8 1.1 Background of the Study 8 1.2 Dell Computers: A Brief Overview 8 1.3 Rationale behind Choosing Dell 9 1.4 Economic Relevance and Scope of the Study 9 1.5 Problem Statement 10 1.6 Aims and Objectives of the Study 10 1.7 Research Questions 10 1.8 Overview of the Academic Literature 10 1.9 Methods of Study 11 1.10 Functions of Sections 11 CHAPTER II – GENERAL LITERATURE REVIEW 11 2.1 Defining Terms 11 2.2 Organizational Innovation: A Theoretical Framework 13 2.3 Significance of Innovation in Business 15 2.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Innovation in Organizations 16 2.5 Innovation as a Driver of Competitiveness 18 2.6 Impact of Product Line Extension and Diversification on Companies 18 2.7 Business Strategy & its Elements 20 2.8 Summary 21 CHAAPTER III - RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 22 3.1 Research Philosophy 22 3.1.1 Positivism 22 3.1.2 Interpretivism 23 3.1.3 Activist Philosophy 23 3.2 Research Approach 23 3.2.1 Deductive Approach 24 3 .3 Time Horizon 25 3.3.1 Cross Sectional Time Horizon 25 3.3.2 Longitudinal Time Horizon 25 3.4 Data Collection Method and Sampling 26 3.5.1 Questionnaire Survey 26 3.5.2 Focus Group Interview 27 3.5.3 Sampling 27 3.6 Data Validity and Reliability 29 3.7 Ethical Considerations 29 3.8 Limitations of the Study 30 CHAPTER 4 – DATA FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS 31 4.1 Findings from the Secondary Survey 31 4.1.1 Innovation in Dell 31 4.1.2 Dell Business Competitors 32 4.3 Business Strategy of Dell 32 4.2Findings from the

Mixed Method Qualitative Case Study of the Views and Performance of Dissertation

Mixed Method Qualitative Case Study of the Views and Performance of Clinic Staff Undertaking STD Testing - Dissertation Example They were especially confident in carrying out throat swabs more than rectal swabs because of the uncomfortable and embarrassing nature of the rectal swabs. Interviewee 3 mentioned however that he needed more confidence in proctoscopy because he mostly participated in blind rectal swabs. Most of the interviewees also mentioned that they were able to gain confidence through experience and this experience also taught them how they could make the patient more comfortable during the rectal swabs. Interviewee 4 mentioned that by exuding confidence during the procedure, the patient could be more comfortable. This interviewee also points out the importance of carrying out the swabs as quickly as possible in order to lessen the discomfort. These views emphasize the importance of confidence and the fact that the respondents placed primary importance on its impact in the successful administration of tests. Attitudes Where there may be genital site testing missed by other health professionals, majority of the respondents indicated that they would just ask the patient why the genital testing was not carried out. The respondents point out that most times, the patient may have been the one to refuse the swab. If it is the patient who has refused the test, their reasons for refusing would be asked and the respondents said they would try to talk the patient into submitting to the genital swabbing. Majority of the respondents also mentioned that they would not challenge the previous medical examiner, instead, they would clarify or ask why the test was not carried out. Interviewee 6 mentioned that sometimes, it may be a simple case of omission on the part of the previous examiner. Majority of the interviewees mention that challenging the previous medical examiner would not be appropriate and they would be uncomfortable doing it. However, clarifying the situation with the previous examiner would be the more professional option (Wedemeyer and Manns, 2009). The interviewees also me ntion the importance of communicating with the previous examiner regarding the patient’s genital swab. The term â€Å"liaise† with the medical examiner was mentioned by interviewee 7. Knowledge: The themes indicated below reveal the extent of the knowledge that the respondents have on the management of MSM patients, especially in relation to patient testing, demographic data, guidelines, sexual history, as well as training. 1. Patient testing The clinical staff performs varied functions in relation to MSM patients seeking medical care in their clinics. Most of the interviewees mention that their most common and current responsibilities in relation to MSM patients include patient testing for sexually transmitted diseases. Interviewee 1 mentions that patients approach them ‘requesting testing for sexually transmitted infections.’ Interviewee 2 also mentions a syphilis test, and a swab as well as blood test he most recently carried out on an MSM patient. Anot her interviewee mentioned carrying out bacterial and genital testing on an MSM. These interviewees also mention having to carry out routine assessments and tests on their MSM patients. Two of the interviewees (2 and 4) mentioned that they usually carry out vaccinations or antibacterial injections for their clients. All in all, the importance of functions which relate to the prevention and the management of sexually-transmitted

An analysis of the impact of organizational innovation on the Dissertation

An analysis of the impact of organizational innovation on the organizational effectiveness-The case of Dell computer - Dissertation Example I would also like to thank my English teacher, ----------, who has supported me through the entire phase of the study. He has provided significant assistance towards improving my critical thinking ability, English speaking and writing skills as well as research skills. I am grateful to my parents, who have always assisted me and enhanced my motivation level. This dissertation was only possible due to their faith and positive aspect on me. Lastly, I would like to thank you all for believing in me and permitting me to chase my dreams. Executive Summary Innovation is often referred to as the driver of business or a way by which new ideas sees the light of the day in the form of different products or services. Hence, the definition makes it clear that innovation is a vital component of business. Moreover, this is the fundamental basis of value creation in organizations and is a vital enabler of competitive advantage. The importance of innovation increases to a large extent when the marke t is saturated. Similarly for Dell Computers, innovation can act as a key factor driving the business. The computer Hardware industry is being leaded by Hewlett Packard and Lenovo, but companies such as Dell have fallen behind due to the lack of innovation the system. This study therefore tried to analyze the impact of organizational innovation on the organizational effectiveness, identify the business strategy of Dell and simultaneously recommend the most fitting or appropriate strategy by which Dell can overtake Hewlett Packard as the global leader in personal computer. The study revealed that innovation is a critical element of business and companies around the world are trying to integrate it with their products, services and process delivery. It has been also identified that Dell is pursuing â€Å"broad differentiation strategy†. Although, this is allowing the company to cater to various market segments, but they were recommended to pursue best cost provider strategy. Ta ble of Contents CHAPTER I - INTRODUCTION 8 1.1 Background of the Study 8 1.2 Dell Computers: A Brief Overview 8 1.3 Rationale behind Choosing Dell 9 1.4 Economic Relevance and Scope of the Study 9 1.5 Problem Statement 10 1.6 Aims and Objectives of the Study 10 1.7 Research Questions 10 1.8 Overview of the Academic Literature 10 1.9 Methods of Study 11 1.10 Functions of Sections 11 CHAPTER II – GENERAL LITERATURE REVIEW 11 2.1 Defining Terms 11 2.2 Organizational Innovation: A Theoretical Framework 13 2.3 Significance of Innovation in Business 15 2.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Innovation in Organizations 16 2.5 Innovation as a Driver of Competitiveness 18 2.6 Impact of Product Line Extension and Diversification on Companies 18 2.7 Business Strategy & its Elements 20 2.8 Summary 21 CHAAPTER III - RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 22 3.1 Research Philosophy 22 3.1.1 Positivism 22 3.1.2 Interpretivism 23 3.1.3 Activist Philosophy 23 3.2 Research Approach 23 3.2.1 Deductive Approach 24 3 .3 Time Horizon 25 3.3.1 Cross Sectional Time Horizon 25 3.3.2 Longitudinal Time Horizon 25 3.4 Data Collection Method and Sampling 26 3.5.1 Questionnaire Survey 26 3.5.2 Focus Group Interview 27 3.5.3 Sampling 27 3.6 Data Validity and Reliability 29 3.7 Ethical Considerations 29 3.8 Limitations of the Study 30 CHAPTER 4 – DATA FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS 31 4.1 Findings from the Secondary Survey 31 4.1.1 Innovation in Dell 31 4.1.2 Dell Business Competitors 32 4.3 Business Strategy of Dell 32 4.2Findings from the

Hw pt1 wk3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hw pt1 wk3 - Assignment Example The other reason for the choice of insurance companies not to offer flood insurance is that they have to research on risks of floods and if they offer flood insurance, they have to set premiums at equilibrium with expected loss. Frequent floods make payments of premiums frequent leading to zero insurance, except for high end clientele who can afford to pay high premiums. Insurance in the United States and United Kingdom exist only owing to funds and subsidization but runs at a loss. There are two reasons suggested for Canada to adopt cross-subsidization scheme. The first reason is the belief by people that they are covered for floods yet in reality they are not, which hurts the insurance industry’s image. Secondly, it will provide growth opportunities owing to the fact that the insurance industry is a mature industry. Cross-subsidization entails payment of premium by non-risk homes but may result in moral hazard including building homes in high risk areas because they are insured. Watson, William. William Watson: Why universal flood insurance is a bad  idea. July 4, 2013. Retrieved from http://opinion.financialpost.com/2013/07/04/william-watson-why- universal-flood-insurance-is-a-very-bad-idea/ on February 19, 2014.

Working with a team on a project Essay Example for Free

Working with a team on a project Essay Teamwork is usually considered an important factor especially in a workplace. However, sometimes working in a team creates difficulties in achieving the objective of a certain project that the team is assigned. (Dyer, 1995) In any teamwork conflicts are likely to arise which relate to a specific job or project that is either being done in the company or outside the company. Some members may be dishonest to their colleagues especially on sensitive issues that touch the all group. In the team that I was taking part in I encountered negative experiences that were brought about due to individual characters. The problem with the team was the failure to reach a consensus on very important issues. It was caused by a few members who were either not patient or are just more action –oriented than others in their natural being because they are likely to exert pressure on the other members to accept their decision. This group of members was making decisions too quickly for the rest of the members which is contrary to the principles of meaningful teamwork. Good decisions are usually achieved over a common understanding by majority of the members and a unanimous agreement on the matter, but some team mates did not acknowledge that. At the same time some team members used personality to undermine others, even to the extended of undermining the team leader who was leading the team. This became a problem and the team could not achieve its targets. These differences became so critical that they kept being addressed daily; In the long run they lead into a breakdown of individual relationships which affected their productivity in general and stalled the project completely, we never went on with the project. Reference: Dyer, W. G. (1995): Team building: current issues and new alternatives. 3rd Ed. Pearson Education POD

The Erg Theory Of Motivation Business Essay

The Erg Theory Of Motivation Business Essay Human Resource Management (HRM) means managing people effectively in order to achieve the goals and objectives of any organizations, small or big. More sophistically, HRM involves all management decisions and practices that directly affect or influence the people, or human resources, who work for the organization. Corporations today have increased their attention towards managing human capital effectively. The reason behind this notion is that employees enable an organization to achieve its goals and that managing human capital is critical to an organizations success. According to David A. Decenzo and S.P Robbins Human resources management is a process consisting of the acquisition, development, motivation and maintenance of human resource. According to Barry Cushway Human resources management can be defined as a range of strategies. Processes and activities designed to support corporate objectives by integrating the need of the organization and the individual that comprise it. The goal of human resource management is to help an organization to meet strategic goals by attracting, and maintaining employees and also to manage them effectively. I.e. a HRM approach seeks to ensure a fit between the management of an organizations employees, and the overall strategic direction of the company (Miller, 1989). HRM activities The Human Resources Management (HRM) function includes a variety of activities, and key among them is deciding how to motivate your staff, ensuring they are high performers, dealing with performance issues, and ensuring your personnel and management practices conform to various regulations. Activities also include managing your approach to employee benefits and compensation, employee records and personnel policies. Motivation views Motivation is the acceptance to work hard in order to achieve organisational goal. This is internal state of mind which moves a worker to set himself up for the target. Motivation is a chain of process which helps an individual to identify his intensity, set towards the right direction and make efforts to get his goal. ERG Theory of Motivation Maslows needs theory is very famous but Clayton Alderfer redefined this theory to make it more applicable. This rework is called ERG Theory Of Motivation. Alderfer reshaped Marslows hierarchy of needs into three different and broader sections of need. ERG Theory Existence Relatedness Growth Existence Needs This information includes the basic necessities. Every human has some material needs. Like physical and psychological demands. These needs are attached with every individual since he is born and leaves him when he is dead. In HR these needs play a vital role in a workers life. These needs urge him to get motivated and strive to get success. Relatedness Needs Man is a social animal. He likes to be praised. Ideals are made to follow their footsteps. At work, supervisors and managers became role models. Their subordinate works hard for fame and recognition. It is also very common in co-workers. Growth Needs Like physical growth, everyone wishes to get advanced in his corporate life. In this category, a worker realises his potential and develop his skills and eventually develop himself. Implication of ERG theory Managers must realise that every worker has his own individuality. He has his own personal needs. So at the same time, workers different needs must be satisfied to get him motivated. Introduction of IKEA I choose IKEA Company for investigate and examine HR activities. As it is Scandinavian style. Most of the furniture is from Ikea flat pack Ikea consumers ready to be assembled, internationally known as the home installation approved retailers. This cost of the packaging can be reduced. IKEA has a range of 9,500 products, including furniture and accessories. Performance management IKEA evaluates its employee performance through the human resource system and one of the subsystems. In the appraisal system, customer services and sale people are evaluated in target achievement. The bonus is paid if they achieved agreed target for the job. IKEA set the performance appraisal standards are based on their strategic goals and job analysis job descriptions. Their immediate managers follow up the targets which subordinates have achieved. Based on the target achieved managers measure and indicate the performance compared with the standards and performance of other subordinates. If the target is achieved or exceed relevant person get bonus. Other employees are evaluated by work performance in their job types and contribution towards the department. IKEAs employees are aware about their job objectives and targets. Performance of them is measured by the line mangers and report during the year. End of the year company has performance review. The evaluation is made on a point scale. The results are reflected in remuneration. Superior discusses the evaluation result individually with each employee in order to seek high level of understanding. Motivational problems in IKEA It is believed that human resources function play vital role not only development but also in development and connection of all employees in the organization. The human resources function of IKEA, it is expected, enables its to develop and deliver services that target their most important assets that are the people. It is however noted that human resources makes sure that services respond to what matters most to the employee. In IKEA, the sale of Stockport branch (Cheshire) is currently suffering from fewer sales for last six months. The sales team has hired new staff but still there is no big change in sales. The staffs are not achieving their targets so this branch is suffering not from external but internal issues of staff. The main issues, which are observed in this branch, are following: Training The old staffs were not as trained as the new is. Consequently the experienced people are de motivated as they think that fresh breed is generating more profit. Ultimately they stopped working hard. Career There was no further career development in this branch. Mostly workers relied what they have achieved and were satisfied at their current positions. Therefore there wasnt any progress in job positions and bonuses. Evaluation On the above account, Human resource performance is regularly and meticulously monitored by the organization on yearly basis through employee appraisal. This is useful in that it helps to improve employees job performance by identify strength and weakness and determine how their strength can be put in to best use and how their weaknesses can be overcome. It is also acknowledge that staff appraisal also helps to find out problem. Which may be restricting employee progress and causing inefficient work practice? It is further explained that appraisal provides information for human resources planning to assist success planning and to ensure the suitability of employee or provision for particular types of employment and training. However, contrasting to the number of times staff appraisal is conducted by this organization i.e. once a year, it is suggested that employee appraisal should be a continuous process and that should not be confined to a formal review once a year as it and is done in this organization. It is that employee appraisal as part of human resources monitoring system can help workers get in to a mind-set of both introspective constructive criticism and self-recognition, and that it makes them more willing to receive feedback from appraisal. The following are some point of the good thing advantages about employee appraisal as conducted in IKEA. It provided the chance to reflect on human resources performance during period under review and when applicable point out any contribution the staff has made that the manager may not remember. It also gave the worker and the management a good starting point to objectively discuss their, performance and makes its easier for them to portray development area. Its presented an opportunity for management to help the employee see where they are not begins objectives and help them build the ability to appraisal other as well Motivation strategies and its impact The following are some of the motivation strategies applied by IKEA Company. Recruiting and Selection Employees are important to the success of the company. Therefore the importance of recruitment and selection process is essential for IKEA in order to ensure that employees are appropriately chosen. IKEA promotes equals fair and legal choosing the suitable applicants irrespective of gender, race, colour, nationality and ethnic origin. And follow to equal opportunity rules to all staff. IKEA uses on online application form. They use value-based questionnaire to decide applicants suitability. This helps to show which person is best suit. After initial screening, applicants are invited to an interview and assessment centre for the final selection processes. Applications which send direct to the company will have a review on them and verify the suitability comparing the essential company required. Recruitment team have an initial phone interview with applicants those who fit to the position, ensure applicants skills. Who are successful in the interview are invited to the next stage of interview and direct to the assessment centres. Assessment centres are most effective ways to find out if the person is good fit for the role. This gives the chance for the company to see behaviour of the applicant in realistic work base situation. IKEAs assessment centre consist number of exercises designed to access full range of skills and personal attributes required for the job. Exercises may include: Interviews Group discussions Presentations Role plays Business case studies Written exercises Psychological test Training and development According to Gray and Smeitzer (1989), when a worker joins an organization, it would be useful to train and develop the person in order to maximize his/her human resource potential. They note that due to the ever increasing competition among present day organization, companies need to have more sophisticate employees. IKEA trust providing training to supply the skills, knowledge and disposition required by individuals or groups to do their work more effectively and efficient. In this, organization, training for an employee is continuous throughout his/her working life with the organization. In fact training is used to provide new comers with skills or to raise their existing skills to necessary levels. Career development This is another method of motivation and development put in place by IKEA. The organization aims, among other things, to create work environment where employees can work effectively and efficient, to make the IKEA fit for their purpose. And to do it needs to have not only the right amount of committed workers but also those with the right kind of knowledge and skills. On that account the organization gives opportunities for career development to each staff. IKEA provides such types of service and training to their which make develop their career in that area which they are interest. Rewards For IKEA retained trained and high skilled staff is more cost effective than recruiting new staff. Thus IKEA is planning HR policies to offer a mix of financial and non-financial benefits to retain people. Rewards are the value for employees get return for work have done and gives them a job satisfaction and good working environment. IKEA offer rewards for employees to feel the true value at work. Up to 10% bonus paid for work above what is expected in employees day-to-day role. 21 days holiday Choice of company pension scheme. Increase salary of staff every year by performance. Critical evaluation of their effectiveness to meet organizational objectives To begin with the organization recognized that there will be times when an employees fails to do his or her duties for one or two reasons. Therefore the management put in place a policy called individual performance improvement and capacity policy. This procedure explains the way to be followed for performance management in situation that have something to do with capacity. Motivational performance is indicated by the sufficiency and the capability of staffs. The sufficiency of the working staff is about getting right number of staff for certain task. Capability deals with staffs having the ability, skills and knowledge to carry out the work that is required. Another factor that would help indicate human resource performance is the customer satisfaction. In Storeys opinion (1987), there are major differences in HR business strategy. He discussed these as hard and `soft versions of HRM. Of the hard version of the concept, and therefore workers problems in focus, and the effects of HRM (Human Resource Management), the business judgment based on performance criteria. However, the soft HRM (human resource management) is also a major concern of business performance with parallel interest in the results of the employees on the other side to defend, is probably (Storey cited in Guest, D. 1999). Beside the above, there are other factors which are used to indicate HR performance in IKEA. Among these are the following, cost containment, organization, effectiveness, social responsibility and integrity. Meanwhile, stone R(2005) describe cost containment as focusing on cost reduction through reduce unnecessary expenses, improve productivity, reduce absenteeism, and how labour turnover from own organization. He maintains that organizational effectiveness can be realized by focusing on organizational structure, job design, employee innovation, acceptable to change, employee motivation, and flexible reward system and employee relation. On social responsibility ,he notes that by focusing on legal compliance and improvement in area such healthy and safety in working place, equal opportunities, provide accurate information about product and minority opportunities and development, an organization can live up to their expectation. He further argues that organizations would protect their integrity by focusing on the enhancement of organizations reputation for ethical issues, fair treatment of employee, honesty in communication and honouring of agreements. On their part, Scullion and Linehem (2005) content that an organization HR performance would be indicated not only be putting in place a well formulated corporate strategy geared toward creating and sustaining competition advantage but also making sure that employees possess the potential, capability and motivation to implement organizational strategies efficiently and effectively. Conclusion The success of the operation of the any organization depends upon its effective human resource management. In this assignment, the author is able to investigate the contribution of human resource management to achieve the organizational goals. Human Resource planning and development methods in the organization has been examined and finally the ways of performance of organization Human management has been analysed in order to achieve the organizations goal and objective in given time frame.

The Family in Franz Kafkas The Metamorphosis :: Metamorphosis essays

The Family in Metamorphosis The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka, is about a young man, Gregor Samsa, who is transformed overnight into a bug. He soon becomes a disgrace to his family. After his metamorphosis, his family goes through an even bigger metamorphosis than Gregor, himself. Therefore, the real metamorphosis occurs to the family rather than Gregor. One of the family members who goes through significant metamorphosis is Gregor's sister, Grete. She maybe the person that he cared the most about. After he turned into a bug, her love and care gave him a reason to live, but when she stopped caring it killed him. Grete turned from this loving, caring, and warm person into this dark, uncaring, and selfish person. After Gregor turns into a bug, Grete seems like the only one who cares about her brother, even in the body of a giant bug She keeps his room clean and brings him things to eat twice a day. She worries about what he might like to eat "But, he would of never been able to guess what his sister, in the goodness of her heart, actually did. To find out his likes and dislikes, she brought him an assortment of foods"(24). . Her kindness, even when she is afraid of his appearance, touches Gregor deeply. She gives him a reason to live. She is the only human that he has contact with. So, he doesn't feel as much alienated as he already is. This shows that after Gregor turned into a bug, she still cared about him. Her warmth gave him a reason to live. But, this would not last for long much longer. As the time passed, Grete practically stops caring about her brother. She starts to treat him differently. "No longer considering what she can do to give Gregor a special treat, his sister, before running to business every morning and afternoon, hurriedly shoved any old food into Gregor's room with her foot" (43). Grete is not thinking about Gregor like; this makes her uncaring. Shoving things with her foot is an example of her showing him that he is a bug because bugs are usually stomped on with feet. Grete gets a job to help pay for expenses, she no longer wants takes care Gregor makes her selfish.

Managing Financial Resources and Decision

Every business needs four major types of resources classified in two ways: men, money, machine and material or land, labor, capital and enterprise. As it can be seen the financial resources are compulsory, every business having allocated a department that manages this resource (the Finance Department) and a person that is in charge of its activities (the Finance Manager). Financial resources can be provided by a range of sources. This range depends on the type of the business, which can be classified as sole traders, partnerships and companies (private or public).Financial resources are in turn classified considering the period of time when they are available (short, medium and long term), and the origin environment (internal or external). The sources available for a sole trader are personal capital, retained profits, sale of assets, actions of hire purchase, of sale and lease back, loans and credit lanes from banks of informal loans (borrowings) from friends, acquaintances. Addition ally, for the other types, finance can come from admission of new partners in the business, bank overdrafts, venture capital and share capital.For London Woods ltd the financial resources of the private sector company are represented by the sale of the furniture produced (the selling price for a chair in 2013 is 45 pounds, while monthly sales vary between 100 and 120). A long-term loan already borrowed according to the income statement for 2011 and 2012 is another financial source of cash. But in contract with ordinary shares generated for investors, which are the permanent capital of the company, the loan will be integral returned after several years, during which is cost is estimated at a 12% interest rate.A recent available source are the 3000 pounds made available for a brand manager in the Latin America, while the production and the revenues from that sales are a potential source of liquidity. 1. 2 Before they are chosen, sources of finance must be evaluated after considering t he following aspects relates to the business itself or the source: what amount of money is necessary and in what time, what is the cost of the source (interest rates, dividends etc.), the risk involved, the duration of the contract (between company and supplier of finance), the control of the business over the source or aver the ability to pay back finance received and the gearing ratio of the company (the relationship between what is owns and what is owes).For example, long-term loans and ordinary shares can generate a greater amount of capital than personal savings or the sale of assets. But while the company must return in time the amount borrowed from a bank it can have as permanent capital the money invested by shareholders.Also, while the interest rate is fixed and included in every payment, dividends are paid only when the company generates profit. Thus, the company has more control over finance if is source are investments rather than bank loans. 1. 3 The mentioned sources b ring simultaneous benefits and disadvantages for the business organization. Personal savings are interest free, do not need to be returned necessarily at a certain time, no collateral part is involved and no paperwork is required, but it cannot provide large amounts and can interfere unexpectedly with cash flow if money is demanded before due time.Retained profit is the company’s own revenue which does not need to be returned or to pay interest, debt does not increase and its future allocation can remain confidential. On the other hand, retained profits are available for developed, growing business and not for starting or bad-performing businesses. Finance resulted from selling assets is similar: the business finances itself with possible large amounts, only that those assets will not generate profit from the selling point, and it can be expensive later on, if it needs to be purchased.Ordinary shares are advantageous because they can raise large amounts of permanent capital f or which dividends are paid only the company is profitable, but they incur issuing costs and the amount of capital cannot be minimized later. Preference shares do not give the right of decision through vote and they require a fixed profit in return, even if the company makes a smaller profit or even a loss. Similarly debentures do not allow the right to vote, are redeemed when surplus profit is obtained, if not payment of interest rate must be done at a fixed date.These features apply to loans, bank overdrafts. The hire purchase method has the advantage that the company can make use of the asset before it pays for it but probably will be pay more for it than its value. Venture capital is beneficial because investors are highly interested in the business’s success over a period; investors share profits and may wish to influence strategic decisions. Discounts assure a quick receive of money but debt is collected by the client company itself and thus resources are wasted in debt collection.2. 1 Being vital for the business’s operations, financial resources (the life blood of business) have attached a certain cost: sometimes a price paid for their availability and most certainly an opportunity cost in the form if the second best way in which they could have been allocated. Personal savings, bank loans, overdrafts, debentures, venture capital, factoring, invoice discounting require the payment of an interest rate, in addition to the amount lend to the business.Retained profits have attached the opportunity cost: depending on the size of it, profits can be allocated to many departments: they can be invested in research and development, in the extension of fixed assets for the increase of production, in more advertising, can be used in the employed of experts, skilled people. The cost of selling assets is that of the revenue from the goods that would have been produced, but also the difference in the selling price and the purchase price.Apart from the d ividends paid in return, issuing ordinary shares determines administrative costs with the stock exchange listing fee, printing, distribution and advertising fee. The cost in hire purchase actions and leases is the price that the company pays for the item and the cost of ownership over it, since even if the organization paid 90% for the item, it is still owned by the leasing company. Grants are financial resource that does not require any fee.Planning is usually regarded as one of the first major steps (among generating ideas, assessing feasibility, collecting external information) that needs to be developed in concern with doing a business, a project, presentation etc. As money is a core resource for the business so is financial planning. This stage within a business it used in order to determine over a period of time how will a variety of resources be allocated in order to have both effective and efficient results. Or, it can be used to assess how well the available resources were used in a previous period of time (a quarter, half year, a year).Financial planning has in addition a few key benefits. It is efficient because it takes in consideration future needs: a business must always be aware of next activities from the â€Å"to do† list. Considering next tasks is helpful in being on time: organizations have to prepare now, in advance, what is required later so it do not miss opportunities. This gives assurance to stakeholders that the company is well-managed and creates a pleasant working environment, where lower levels employees know very well what to do.It helps businesses to compare the different alternatives between resource allocation in order to perform activities in which they have a smaller opportunity cost. Planning constantly also provides the opportunity to monitor, control activities and be financially sustainable for the organization and its stakeholders. 2. 3 The decision making process is represented by information needs required by dec ision makers. The decision makers or the organization are the stakeholders that have an interest in respect with the activity of the organization. They are divided between internal and external parties.The internal parties are the shareholders and their information need is to know the risk implied by their investment or the return that can generate in order to sell shares or to buy and if the company is able to pay dividends. Employees, another important category wants to know is the business is well-performing in order to deduce the stability, the prospective, and any remuneration and benefits that their current vacancy within the company offers. Suppliers are interested to know if in short term the business as able to pay for the goods supplied.Lenders, an important category of external stakeholders, need the same information, but for the long term. Continuation of operations is also a concern of customers, especially if they have a dependence on the company’s activities. G overnments and regulators are interest in how the business is caring operations in order to compare it with regulation and law, so that the organization is operating legally. The public, a general external category of stakeholders is interested in the performance of the business for the need of economic stability and available jobs.2. 4 In the study case of London Woods there are several sources of finance with impact in the financial statements (the profit and loss account, the balance sheet, and the cash flow statement). A major source of the finance is the firm’s production of furniture which if it is sold is incurred in the profit and loss account, while the remaining stock is stated as a current asset on the balance sheet. Another source of finance proposed for the business, as Mathew claims, is two machines that will generate more revenue but are going to cost 4 million pounds.The prices paid will be incurred in the expenses section in the income statement and the value of the two machines will be included under the asset’s column in the balance sheet. The machines would have to be bought by first taking a loan with an interest rate of 12%, which will have to be stated under expenses in the income statement, while the loan must be declared in the long-term liabilities section in the balance sheet. According to the profit and loss account a current source of finance is the shareholders capital, a current loan which costs the business 550 (interest rate) and the debtors, which are customers of the organization.The company does not have to buy the machine B, as the results are negative and the company does not have enough money. 4. 1. Finance is used to create before or at the end of time periods financial statements that help in planning activities, in recording performance and in assessing the current state of the business. Finance is used to create three types of financial statements. The profit and loss account assesses if past activity us ed effectively the allocated resources. The balance sheet is a summary about the assets, liabilities and liquidities of a business at the end of a business term.Finance also generates information about sales, purchases and labor costs. All this information can be further used in setting budgets for next business terms. Budgets can be used to determine future quantity and price of sales, production, materials, labor, manufacturing overhead, selling and administrative costs and in the end the final cash budget. Based on previous information, when they are creating budgets managers can take measures that reduce costs, increase profits, improve work efficiency or increase productivity and can find information like when to make new purchases of machinery, materials etc. 4. 2.Financial statements do not differ substantially of those of a sole trader as they rely on the same accounting principles. Both balance sheets of both companies will be calculated using the simple formula according w hich equity equals assets minus liabilities. The financial statements of the fictional sole trader Olivia Boulton1 and those of The Coca-Cola Company2, registered in the USA are relevant in this way. Although they use the same principles, the statements of the two operators are slightly different in content. Olivia Boulton, as a sole trader runs a small business (she sells cookware goods designed in Italy).Profits are usually small and re-invested in the business, but the possibilities for expansion are limited. Sole traders are the owners of the business who can run it independently and do not involve other in decision making. A sole trader takes the risk of compensating liabilities with his own goods. In comparison, The Coca-Cola Company a public limited company owned by anonymous shareholders, which generated large profits and pays dividends and caries operations globally. The financial statements of Olivia Boulton contain the traditional elements of a profit and loss account and of a balance sheet.The profit and loss account which states the net profit incurred in the period, calculated by eliminating expenses from income or gross profit, starts with the estimation of sales, purchases and stock in order to determine the gross profit. The expenses include liabilities regarding the interest rate of a loan, wages plus other administrative expenses (rent, travelling). The balance sheet has a simple format too. The fixed assets are only represented by the premises and the shop fittings, current assets include stock, debtors, bank and cash, while on the liability column the only type of tax incurred is the VAT (value added tax).In the case of Coca-Cola the statements look different. The cost of goods sold is directly stated as well are the selling, general and administrative expenses. The major difference is the emphasis of the tax incurred and the dividends paid (basic net income per share, diluted net income per share, and dividend per share). The balance shee t contains other elements too. A great amount of the company’s assets are represented by investments, trademark with indefinite lives, goodwill, intangible assets, bottler’s franchise rights with indefinite lives. Under the liability column the amount owned for loans long-term debts are much higher.After taking liabilities, the company’s equity is much more elaborated and allocated to multiple purposes: a part is reinvested, a part is allocated to shareowners, another one to non controlling interests, while other incurred as capital surplus. 4. 3 a) Net profit margin: Op * 100 : sales revenue: 370*100/4990 =7. 4 b) Current ratio current assets/current liabilities: 1540/790 = 1. 9 c) Quick ratio current assets – current stock/current liabilities: 1540-680/790 =860/790=1. 08 d) ROCE for year 2012: 370*100/1850=20% ROCE for year 2011: 510*100/1900=26. 8% e) Assets turnover ratio: 4990/1850=2. 69; f) Debt/Equity ratio: 550/1850=0. 29